Indigenous advocates in Canada are calling for more cultural and mental-health supports for residential school survivors as communities discover unmarked graves at former sites.
Front-line organizations working with Indigenous people say the need for in-person help has intensified in the past month since the Tk’emlúps te Secwépemc First Nation in Kamloops, B.C., announced ground-penetrating radar had found what are believed to be the remains of 215 children buried on the grounds of a one-time residential school in Kamloops.
Cowessness First Nation in Saskatchewan announced Thursday that the same technology had indicated 751 unmarked graves at the former Marieval Indian Residential School.
Jason Mercredi, executive director of Prairie Harm Reduction in Saskatoon, said the disclosures are triggering “troublesome memories” for survivors. He said there has been an increase in visits to the safe consumption site from individuals looking for mental-health support.
“We can’t really keep up, and it’s tough because some of these folks have been successfully coping for a number of years,” said Mercredi, who is Denesuline and Métis.
Pandemic restrictions have limited the number of places offering face-to-face support, so workers have had to refer people to an outside support line, he said.
A national crisis line is available through the Indian Residential School Survivors Society and some groups are offering regional helplines.
Mercredi said the federal government should be funding First Nations, Inuit and Métis-led organizations and communities to ensure appropriate support is provided.
“Each community needs to have the ability to design its own response model and support model,” he said. “All these cultures are very different ... (and) they need to have the funding to be able to respond where they need to.”
The federal government recently promised $27 million to help locate graves across the country. Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta have also committed funding.
An estimated 150,000 Indigenous children were forced to attend residential schools. There were 150 schools and they operated for about 100 years.
A report from the Truth and Reconciliation Commission details mistreatment at the schools, including emotional, physical and sexual abuse of children.
Since the close of the commission, the National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation has confirmed the identities of at least 4,100 children who died at the schools. This number is expected to rise as communities begin searching sites.
Tracy Wilson, who manages the Indian Residential School program at Boyle Street Community Services in Edmonton, echoes Mercredi's call for more help.
Wilson, who is Nakota, Cree and Saulteaux, has taken calls from non-Indigenous agencies in the city as well as from the police force asking for guidance on how to support survivors who are retraumatized.
Some who returned home from residential schools are living with survivor’s guilt, she said.
“This is not a shock to most of us. It's just a deeper grief,” she said.
“A lot of survivors think they could have stopped what happened. You know, that's not the case, but they live with that every day.”
Wilson also believes there is a need for more culturally appropriate forms of support such as beading or sewing circles.
“We need more people to understand how our hands can help us more so than traditional western talk-through therapy.”
The National Association of Friendship Centres, which represents more than 100 such gathering places across the country, would like to see intergenerational support as well.
“Our youth are in this sea of information about crimes, violence, murders against their ancestors. They need help walking through that and figuring out what does that mean,” said Kelly Benning, a Métis woman and the association's vice-president.
The Indian Residential Schools Resolution Health Support Program has a hotline to help residential school survivors and their relatives suffering from trauma invoked by the recall of past abuse. The number is 1-866-925-4419.
This report by The Canadian Press was first published June 25, 2021.
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This story was produced with the financial assistance of the Facebook and Canadian Press News Fellowship.
Brittany Hobson, The Canadian Press
